Question: I'm trying to find the laws relating with driving without due care when someone has a unknown issue with diabetes that caused the incident and the fine. The officer involved also asked for a certificate of medical clearance because he had a suspicion that some sort of attack may have initiated the problem.
The incident happened this past November and at the end of December the driver went to hospital with sugar level issues in his blood. He is currently in hospital now a month and a half later.
How does the driving without due care rule apply when an incident may have occurred due to a health issue?
Driving Without Due Care and Attention
144 (1) A person must not drive a motor vehicle on a highway
(a) without due care and attention,
You say unknown medical condition. I take that to mean this person had no idea that they had a medical condition and that it suddenly manifested itself in a manner that interfered with their ability to drive a vehicle properly. That interference resulted in a driving incident of some sort that caused police to issue the ticket. There was no way that this medical condition or it's result could have been anticipated before driving that day.
If all of that is true, then this driver would have a defence to the charge. They did not intend to do whatever they did and had no way of anticipating and preventing it from happening.
However, if this person knew that they were diabetic and that their blood sugar levels were not in control, then that would be a different matter all together.
I don't know what you are referring to when you mention certificate of medical clearance. Perhaps this is something from the person's doctor stating that it is safe for them to be driving?
Case Law
There case law on this site for this particular section of the Motor Vehicle Act. A bit of reading should give you some idea of how the law will apply if this person disputes the ticket.
Learn More About Diabetes and Driving
Diabetes and Driving - Clinical Practice Guidelines
Diabetes and Hypoglycemia - BC Driver Fitness Standard
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The OP didn't say, but the implication is that the problem was a low blood sugar level. Generally speaking, it would be extremely rare for a high blood sugar level to interfere with one's driving ability. An undiagnosed diabetic would have a high blood sugar level not a low one. So any defense based on an undiagnosed problem would be hard to prove.
Diagnosed diabetics are (or should be) advised of the rule of thumb "5 to drive". The 5 refers to a minimum blood glucose level of 5 mmol/L. Once one drops below 4 mmol/L any number of things start to go wrong, sight, co-ordination, mental capacity, etc. Complicating all this is that long time diabetics (50+ years with the disease) lose the ability to feel that they have low blood sugar. That is why it is essential to test for blood sugar level before ever leaving the driveway. It is also a good rule of thumb to not drive when a mealtime is not long off. That is because mental activity, such as that required for safe driving, uses up a lot of energy. That sudden drain on resources can lower the blood sugar quite quickly and catch one off guard.
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Low Blood Sugar Level